From 75421bde5d5c5f3cd52fbb52c0624c8954970b56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Holden Rohrer Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2019 22:53:38 -0400 Subject: i've done a lot of work --- cer/.DS_Store | Bin 6148 -> 6148 bytes cer/cer.tex | 58 ++++++++++++++-------- cer/flame/flame.tex | 4 +- cer/flame/flame0.log | 37 +++++--------- cer/flame/flame0.pdf | Bin 72774 -> 74728 bytes cer/flame/flame0.tex | 39 ++++++--------- cer/flame/flame1.log | 16 +++++++ cer/flame/flame1.pdf | Bin 0 -> 35084 bytes cer/flame/flame1.tex | 104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ cer/yield/limiting-reactant.log | 22 +++++++++ cer/yield/limiting-reactant.pdf | Bin 0 -> 79762 bytes cer/yield/limiting-reactant.tex | 49 +++++++++++++++++++ cer/yield/texput.log | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 13 files changed, 336 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-) create mode 100644 cer/flame/flame1.log create mode 100644 cer/flame/flame1.pdf create mode 100644 cer/flame/flame1.tex create mode 100644 cer/yield/limiting-reactant.log create mode 100644 cer/yield/limiting-reactant.pdf create mode 100644 cer/yield/limiting-reactant.tex create mode 100644 cer/yield/texput.log (limited to 'cer') diff --git a/cer/.DS_Store b/cer/.DS_Store index 49ca9dd..e93a7bb 100644 Binary files a/cer/.DS_Store and b/cer/.DS_Store differ diff --git a/cer/cer.tex b/cer/cer.tex index a434386..7a60ab1 100644 --- a/cer/cer.tex +++ b/cer/cer.tex @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ \font\tinyx=cmr8 at 6pt \def\tiny{\tinyx \baselineskip=6pt} \font\headx=cmb8 at 9pt \def\head{\headx \baselineskip=9pt} +\font\bigx=cmb14 \def\big{\bigx \baselineskip=14pt} \hoffset -0.5in \voffset -0.5in @@ -22,8 +23,8 @@ \vskip 2ex plus 0pt } -\def\column#1#2{ %width %count %text= - \def\item##1{ +\long\def\column#1#2{ %width %count %text= + \long\def\item##1{ \noindent \vrule \vbox{ \hrule \hsize#1 ##1 \hrule @@ -32,9 +33,9 @@ #2% } -\def\row#1#2#3{ %width %count %text +\long\def\row#1#2#3{ %width %count %text \count10=0 - \def\item##1{ + \long\def\item##1{ \hskip 0.4em \vbox{ \hsize #1 \smallskip @@ -48,33 +49,48 @@ \def\@question{} \def\question#1{\def\@question{#1}} \def\@claim{} \def\claim#1{\def\@claim{#1}} -\def\@evidence{} \def\evidence#1{\def\@evidence{#1}} -\def\@justification{} \def\justification#1{\def\@justification{#1}} -\def\@data{} \def\@tablewidth{} \def\@columns{} -\def\data#1#2#3{% columns, width, data - \def\@columns{#1} \dimen1=#2\relax - \dimendef\@tablewidth=1 - \def\@data{\noexpand{#3}} +\long\def\@evidence{} \long\def\evidence#1{\def\@evidence{#1}} +\long\def\@justification{} \long\def\justification#1{\def\@justification{#1}} + +\def\@data{} \dimendef\@tablewidth=1 +\def\data#1#2#3{ + \dimen1=#2 + \def\endlinex{\cr \noexpand\endliner} + \edef\@data{#3} + \def\preamb{#1} } +%\def\cp#1{#1} +%\def\preambloop{ +% & \vrule \text{##} +% \advance \@columns by -1 +% \ifnum \@columns>0 \span\preambloop \fi +%} +%\def\makepreamb{ +% \vrule width 1pt \text{##} +% \advance \@columns by -1 +% \ifnum \@columns>0 \span\preambloop \fi +% \vrule width 1pt \cr +%} + \def\makedata{ - \def\text##1{\ \tiny \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \hbox to \@tablewidth{\vbox{\vskip1ex \noindent \hsize\@tablewidth ##1 \smallskip}} } - \halign{\def\endlinex{\cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt}}\def\ampsub{&}\relax - \vrule width 1pt \text{##} & \vrule \text{##} \vrule width 1pt \cr %currently two columns but will need to be updated - \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} \@data \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} + \def\text##1{\tiny \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \hbox to \@tablewidth{\hskip1em \vbox{\vskip1ex \noindent \advance \@tablewidth by -2.25em \hsize\@tablewidth ##1 \smallskip} \hskip1em} } + \def\endliner{\noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt}} + \halign{\span\preamb + \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} + \@data + \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} } } -\def\pad#1{\smallskip #1 \smallskip} -\def\parsub{\par} -\def\makedoc{ +\long\def\pad#1{\smallskip #1 \smallskip} +\long\def\makedoc{ \column{7.4in}{ \item{\pad{{\bf Question:} \@question}} \item{\pad{{\bf Claim:} \@claim}} \item{\row{3.6015in}{2}{ - \item{ {\bf Evidence:} \parsub\parsub \noindent\makedata\parsub\smallskip \@evidence \smallskip} - \item{ {\bf Justification (Reasoning) of the Evidence:} \parsub \@justification \smallskip } + \item{ {\bf Evidence:}\par \noindent\makedata\par\smallskip \@evidence \smallskip} + \item{ {\bf Justification (Reasoning) of the Evidence:} \par\@justification \smallskip } }} } } - diff --git a/cer/flame/flame.tex b/cer/flame/flame.tex index af5af14..80a8f45 100644 --- a/cer/flame/flame.tex +++ b/cer/flame/flame.tex @@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ \question{Based on a substance's properties, how can you determine whether its bonds are ionic or covalent?} \claim{If a substance is solid at room temperature, has a crystalline structure, dissolves easily in water, and conducts electricity well, then it likely contains ionic bonds. Otherwise, it likely contains covalent bonds.} -%\def\data{ -% \datastyle{1.65in} \data{2}{1.65in}{ \head Ionic Compound in Solution & Observed Flame Color \cr \noalign{\hrule} @@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ } \evidence{%\parsub \noindent\data\parsub\smallskip \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad Lab Results\parsub -Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#1: Lithium \parsub +Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#1: Lithium \parsub Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#2: Cesium \parsub } diff --git a/cer/flame/flame0.log b/cer/flame/flame0.log index 0091809..c8dbb92 100644 --- a/cer/flame/flame0.log +++ b/cer/flame/flame0.log @@ -1,33 +1,20 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (TeX Live 2019) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2019.5.8) 12 JUN 2019 22:17 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (TeX Live 2019) (preloaded format=pdftex 2019.5.8) 19 JUN 2019 11:56 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. **flame0.tex -(./flame0.tex -LaTeX2e <2018-12-01> -(../cer.tex) - -! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. - -See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. -Type H for immediate help. - ... - -l.43 \makeheader - -? x - -Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: - 46 strings out of 492616 - 510 string characters out of 6129482 - 59859 words of memory out of 5000000 - 4059 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 - 4250 words of font info for 16 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 - 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 - 5i,0n,4p,830b,14s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s -No pages of output. +(./flame0.tex (../cer.tex) [1{/usr/local/texlive/2019/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdfte +x/updmap/pdftex.map}] ) +Output written on flame0.pdf (1 page, 74728 bytes). PDF statistics: - 0 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 54 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 23 compressed objects within 1 object stream 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/cer/flame/flame0.pdf b/cer/flame/flame0.pdf index 1515c5b..1e9fbd9 100644 Binary files a/cer/flame/flame0.pdf and b/cer/flame/flame0.pdf differ diff --git a/cer/flame/flame0.tex b/cer/flame/flame0.tex index 73c6bfc..b117c71 100644 --- a/cer/flame/flame0.tex +++ b/cer/flame/flame0.tex @@ -7,32 +7,23 @@ \question{How can you use flame color to identify the metal ion in an unknown compound?} \claim{If an unknown metal ion's flame color matches that of a known metal ion, then the metal ion likely is the same because metal ions produce characteristic colors when burned.} -\def\data{ - \let\rr=\cr - \def\width{1.65in} - \def\text##1{\ \tiny \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \hbox to \width{\vbox{\vskip1ex \noindent \hsize\width ##1 \smallskip}} } - \halign{\vrule width 1pt \text{##} & \vrule \text{##} \vrule width 1pt \cr - \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} - \head Ionic Compound in Solution & Observed Flame Color \cr - \noalign{\hrule} - $HCl$ Solution (baseline) & blue \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - 0.5M calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) & orange-red \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - 0.5M sodium chloride ($NaCl$) & orange-yellow \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - 0.5M barium chloride ($BaCl_2$) & pale green \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - 0.5M lithium chloride ($LiCl$) & red \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - 0.5M copper(II) chloride ($CuCl_2$) & blue-green \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - 0.5M cesium chloride ($CsCl$) & blue-violet \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - Unknown Solution \#1 & red \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - Unknown Solution \#2 & blue-violet \cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt} - \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} - } +\data{\vrule width 1pt \text{##} & \vrule \text{##} \vrule width 1pt \cr}{1.65in}{ + \head Ionic Compound in Solution & \head Observed Flame Color \cr \noalign{\hrule} + $HCl$ Solution (baseline) & blue \endlinex + 0.5M calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) & orange-red \endlinex + 0.5M sodium chloride ($NaCl$) & orange-yellow \endlinex + 0.5M barium chloride ($BaCl_2$) & pale green \endlinex + 0.5M lithium chloride ($LiCl$) & red \endlinex + 0.5M copper(II) chloride ($CuCl_2$) & blue-green \endlinex + 0.5M cesium chloride ($CsCl$) & blue-violet \endlinex + Unknown Solution \#1 & red \endlinex + Unknown Solution \#2 & blue-violet \endlinex } -\def\makedata{\data} -\evidence{%\parsub \noindent\data\parsub\smallskip -\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad Lab Results\parsub -\qquad Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#1: Lithium \parsub -\qquad Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#2: Cesium \parsub +\evidence{ +\centerline{Lab Results} +\centerline{Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#1: Lithium} +\centerline{Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#2: Cesium} I know that the claim is true because all studied metal-chloride salts have different colors. The $LiCl$ salt, for example, burns a characteristic red which is backed up by an identical chemical solution burning the same color. All other examples on the above list have unique colors, and all samples of the same ions produce the same colors (as can be logically expected). The other example of the last property allowing identification of a given metal ion is $CsCl$, the second unknown solution which is blue-violet in both cases. This also gives a good clue as to the investigative question: one can determine the given metal ion of an unknown substance by cross-checking its flame test with the flame test of known substances. } diff --git a/cer/flame/flame1.log b/cer/flame/flame1.log new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4e57c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/cer/flame/flame1.log @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (TeX Live 2019) (preloaded format=pdftex 2019.5.8) 13 JUN 2019 15:06 +entering extended mode + restricted \write18 enabled. + %&-line parsing enabled. +**flame1.tex +(./flame1.tex [1{/usr/local/texlive/2019/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdft +ex.map}] ) +Output written on flame1.pdf (1 page, 35084 bytes). +PDF statistics: + 16 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 10 compressed objects within 1 object stream + 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) + 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) + diff --git a/cer/flame/flame1.pdf b/cer/flame/flame1.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2301a60 Binary files /dev/null and b/cer/flame/flame1.pdf differ diff --git a/cer/flame/flame1.tex b/cer/flame/flame1.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f02dc6e --- /dev/null +++ b/cer/flame/flame1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +\font\tinyx=cmr8 at 6pt \def\tiny{\tinyx \baselineskip=6pt} +\font\headx=cmb8 at 9pt \def\head{\headx \baselineskip=9pt} + +\hoffset -0.5in +\voffset -0.5in +\hsize 7.5in +\vsize 10in + +\catcode `\@11 +\def\@name{} +\def\@course{} +\def\@teacher{} +\def\name#1{\def\@name{#1}} +\def\course#1{\def\@course{#1}} +\def\teacher#1{\def\@teacher{#1}} +\def\makeheader{ +\noindent Your Name: \@name +\vskip 2ex plus 0pt +\noindent Course: \@course +\vskip 2ex plus 0pt +\noindent Teacher: \@teacher +\vskip 2ex plus 0pt +} + +\def\column#1#2{ %width %count %text= + \def\item##1{ + \noindent \vrule \vbox{ + \hrule \hsize#1 ##1 + \hrule + }\vrule\par \vskip -1.5pt + } + #2% +} + +\def\row#1#2#3{ %width %count %text + \count10=0 + \def\item##1{ + \hskip 0.4em + \vbox{ + \hsize #1 \smallskip + ##1 + } + \advance \count10 by 1 \ifnum\count10<#2 \vrule \fi + } + \hbox{\hskip -0.15em #3 \hskip -0.6em} +} + +\def\@question{} +\def\question#1{\def\@question{#1}} +\def\@claim{} \def\claim#1{\def\@claim{#1}} +\def\@evidence{} \def\evidence#1{\def\@evidence{#1}} +\def\@justification{} \def\justification#1{\def\@justification{#1}} + +\def\@data{} \def\@columns{} \dimendef\@tablewidth=1 +\def\data#1#2#3{ + \def\@columns{#1} \dimen1=#2\relax + \def\@data{#3} +} + +\def\makedata{ + \def\text##1{\ \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \hbox to \@tablewidth{\vbox{\vskip1ex \noindent \hsize\@tablewidth ##1 \smallskip}} } + \gdef\endlinex{\cr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt}} + \halign{\vrule width 1pt \text{##} & \text{##} \vrule width 1pt & ## \cr + \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} + \@data + \noalign{\hrule height 1pt} + } +} + +\def\pad#1{\smallskip #1 \smallskip} +\def\parsub{\par} +\def\makedoc{ + \column{7.4in}{ + \item{\pad{{\bf Question:} \@question}} + \item{\pad{{\bf Claim:} \@claim}} + \item{\row{3.6015in}{2}{ + \item{ {\bf Evidence:} \parsub\parsub \noindent\makedata\parsub\smallskip \@evidence \smallskip} + \item{ {\bf Justification (Reasoning) of the Evidence:} \parsub \@justification \smallskip } + }} + } +} + +\name{Holden Rohrer} +\course{FVS Chemistry AB 19.3} +\teacher{Kerr} + +\question{Based on a substance's properties, how can you determine whether its bonds are ionic or covalent?} +\claim{If a substance is solid at room temperature, has a crystalline structure, dissolves easily in water, and conducts electricity well, then it likely contains ionic bonds. Otherwise, it likely contains covalent bonds.} + +\data{2}{1.65in}{testtest & xrioe &\endlinex this is & a line &\cr} +\evidence{%\parsub \noindent\data\parsub\smallskip +\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad Lab Results\parsub +Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#1: Lithium \parsub +Metal ion in Unknown Solution \#2: Cesium \parsub +} + +\justification{ +This makes sense +} + +\makeheader +\makedata +\makedoc +\bye diff --git a/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.log b/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.log new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9df912 --- /dev/null +++ b/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.log @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (TeX Live 2019) (preloaded format=pdftex 2019.5.8) 20 JUN 2019 15:33 +entering extended mode + restricted \write18 enabled. + %&-line parsing enabled. +**limiting-reactant.tex +(./limiting-reactant.tex (../cer.tex) [1{/usr/local/texlive/2019/texmf-var/font +s/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] ) +Output written on limiting-reactant.pdf (1 page, 79762 bytes). +PDF statistics: + 65 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 30 compressed objects within 1 object stream + 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) + 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) + diff --git a/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.pdf b/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4a32ab Binary files /dev/null and b/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.pdf differ diff --git a/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.tex b/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ce549f --- /dev/null +++ b/cer/yield/limiting-reactant.tex @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +\input ../cer.tex + +\name{Holden Rohrer} +\course{FVS Chemistry AB 19.3} +\teacher{Kerr} + +\question{While observing a chemical reaction, how can you tell which reactant is limiting?} +\claim{If a substance is the limiting reactant, then it will be fully consumed by the time the reaction completes because it is the reactant that reacts completely and the reaction cannot proceed further.} + +\long\def\makedata{ + \vskip 0pt \noindent{\big Trial 1} + + \def\width{0.5in} + \def\text##1{\hbox{\vbox{\hsize\width \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \noindent##1}}} + \def\style{\vrule width 1pt \head \hfil \text{####} \hfil & \vrule width 0.05pt \hfil #### \hfil & \vrule width 0.05pt \hfil #### \hfil & \vrule width 2pt \hfil #### \hfil & \vrule width 0.05pt \hfil #### \hfil \vrule width 1pt \crcr} + \def\cr{\crcr \noalign{\hrule height 0.05pt}} + \halign{ \span\style + \noalign{\dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -0.65in \hfil \vbox{\moveright0.185in\vbox{\hrule width \dimen1 height 1pt}} \vskip -5pt} + \omit & \omit \vrule width 0.05pt \ $3CuCl_2(aq)$ & \omit + $2Al(s)$ & \omit $\rightarrow$ $3Cu(s)$ & \omit + $2AlCl_3(aq)$ \vrule width 1pt \cr + Measur\-ed Mass (g) & 2.50 & 0.50 & N/A & N/A \cr + Molar Mass (g/mol) & 134.45 & 26.98 & N/A & N/A \cr + Actual Moles (mol) & 0.019 & 0.019 & N/A & N/A \cr + } + + \smallskip The limiting reactant is copper chloride because there was still aluminum left over after the reaction stopped. The reaction has a molar ratio of $CuCl_2:Al=3:2$, which is confirmed by this trial (copper chloride is limiting because $CuCl_2:Al$ ratio $= 1:1 < 3:2$) + + \bigskip \noindent{\big Trial 2} + + \halign{ \span\style + \noalign{\dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -0.59in \hfil \vbox{\moveright0.255in\vbox{\hrule width \dimen1 height 1pt}} \vskip -5pt} + \omit & \omit \vrule width 0.05pt \ $3CuCl_2(aq)$ & \omit + $2Al(s)$ & \omit $\rightarrow$ $3Cu(s)$ & \omit + $2AlCl_3(aq)$ \vrule width 1pt \cr + Measur\-ed Mass (g) & 2.50 & 0.25 & \vbox{\tiny \parindent=0in \hsize 0.57in \raggedright Filter paper alone: 0.27g \par Filter Paper + Cu: 0.98g \par Cu alone: 0.71g} & N/A \cr + Molar Mass (g/mol) & 134.45 & 26.98 & 63.55 & N/A \cr + Actual Moles (mol) & 0.019 & 0.0093 & 0.011g Cu & N/A \cr + } + + \smallskip The limiting reactant is aluminum because all of the aluminum dissolved, and the molar ratio of $CuCl_2$ to $Al > 3:2$. +} + +\evidence{ +This evidence shows that the claim is true because whe\-re copper chloride should be the limiting reactant theoretically, it completely reacted and the aluminum was left over. Similarly, trial 2 (limiting reactant should theoretically be aluminum because of the ratio) saw that the aluminum fully dissolved. When comparing the two trials, it can be clearly seen that the "removal" of aluminum caused the substance which didn't allow the reaction to be completed to change. +} +\justification{ +This result makes sense because the limiting reactant would allow the reaction to continue if more were added, by definition. This can lead us to conclude that no more of the limiting reactant is available at the end of the reaction because then adding more of the limiting reactant could not possibly allow the reaction to continue. The reactant being unavailable at the end of the reaction is equivalent to the limiting reactant being fully consumed by reacting completely in all of its particles. +} + +\makeheader +\makedoc +\bye diff --git a/cer/yield/texput.log b/cer/yield/texput.log new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a3f7d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/cer/yield/texput.log @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +This is TeX, Version 3.14159265 (TeX Live 2019) (preloaded format=tex 2019.5.8) 20 JUN 2019 13:21 +**\underline{text} + +*$\underline{text}$ +! Missing $ inserted. + + $ + + \underline +<*> $\underline + {text}$ +? + +*\underline{$text$} +! Missing $ inserted. + + $ + + \underline +<*> \underline + {$text$} +? +! Missing } inserted. + + } + + $ +<*> \underline{$ + text$} +? +! Extra }, or forgotten $. + } + +<*> \underline{$text$} + +? + +*\underline$no$ +! Missing { inserted. + + $ +<*> \underline$ + no$ +? +! Missing } inserted. + + } + + $ +<*> \underline$ + no$ +? + +*$\underline2$ +! Missing $ inserted. + + $ + + \underline +<*> $\underline + 2$ +? + +*\def\ta{\underline} + +*$\ta{x_2}$ + +*$\underline{x_2}$ + +*$\underline{2}$ + +*$\underline{text}$ + +* +! Emergency stop. +<*> $\underline{text}$ + +End of file on the terminal! + +No pages of output. -- cgit