https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_glargine https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/frederick-banting-charles-best-james-collip-and-john-macleod A history of insulin, and the ?two? researchers who discovered that pig insulin was able to be substituted in dogs and in people http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Insulin.html - (bad source) how insulin is made https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/5/e000850 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271626/ - Read the article through the GT paywall (PubMed) - About how much insulin costs to manufacture phttps://www.citizen.org/article/outrage-of-the-month-pharmas-price-gouging-on-insulin-is-literally-killing-patients/ - Has some valuable links, about how much Insulin is costing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYmvBoXi0Q8 - Channel 4 AOC talking about Campaign Finance http://web.a.ebscohost.com.prx.library.gatech.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=88e625e8-0732-4c85-aa12-a8b8cd5ded42%40sessionmgr4008 - Behind the paywall, I think - Insulin. - Some upcoming results about the a https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C00144345/summary/2020 - More money in finance stuff - Sanofi PAC gave nearly a million, with $5K donations from employes https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/aetna-inc/totals?id=D000000296#totals-affiliates - Aetna money in finance https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/08/26/pharma-industry-ups-donations-senate-republicans-mcconnell/2116231001/ https://www.statnews.com/feature/prescription-politics/prescription-politics/ - General pharma industry payoffs from USA Today (meh) https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829913470?rfr_id=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo - Behind the paywall - FDA about DMCA exemption for medical devices https://doggett.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/doggett-brown-announce-bicameral-medicare-drug-price-negotiation-bill - Lloyd Doggett's website - From the Public Citizen website about Medicare Negotiations https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&hitCount=11184&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=12&docId=GALE%7CA640027797&docType=Article&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZGPP-MOD1&prodId=ITOF&pageNum=1&contentSet=GALE%7CA640027797&searchId=R2&userGroupName=gainstoftech&inPS=true - I don't understand it, but Patent board rules in Sanofi's favor over a patent on PCSK9 antibodies (?) https://gatech-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1698956637&context=PC&vid=01GALI_GIT&lang=en_US&search_scope=primo_central&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,insulin&offset=0 - Generic insulin glargine?? - About its efficacy in a double-blind trial https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2717499 - Cost-related insulin underuse https://www.openmarketsinstitute.org/learn/drug-prices-monopoly - "Between 1995 and 2015, 60 pharmaceutical companies merged into just 10." - Def not behind paywall but wow - Lotsa good links - the nber.org link is from this, I think - Haven't finished reading https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24866023/ - "Insulin glargine was the first once-daily, long-acting insulin analog to be introduced into clinical practice more than 10 years ago and is specifically designed to provide basal insulin requirements." - Nice pubmed article (paywall) "pancreatectomized dogs" https://patents.google.com/patent/US8048854B2/en - The patent itself - Gives a date of 2027-07-05 for expiry https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1869210 - 4:33 segment - "Drug Companies Cope with Declines, May Merge" - About the Sanofi-Aventus merger in 2004. The problem with the industry is "a lack of new drugs" https://healthcostinstitute.org/diabetes-and-insulin/spending-on-individuals-with-type-1-diabetes-and-the-role-of-rapidly-increasing-insulin-prices - Some pricing data on per-unit, increases in 2012--2016, other stuff https://www.sanofi.com/en/about-us/through-time/ - Sanofi's company history: Hoechst, Synthelabo, and Phone-Poulenc Rorer - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoechst_AG - It was a holocaust bad - Merger of like four companies (wtf) = $126B mkt cap (SNY) https://www-proquest-com.prx.library.gatech.edu/docview/1664805626?accountid=11107 - Why is there no generic insulin? - Kinda limited explanation - Behind the paywall https://www.proquest.com/docview/223927797/5F156A7B9D3F4195PQ/1?accountid=11107 - Corporate Payoffs and Pravix from Sanofi - 2006 - Behind the paywall https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/media-resources/mergers-competition/pay-delay - FTC recent paydelay stuff https://www.drugs.com/nda/mk_1293_160805.html - Semi-reliable, probably (not a good enough source, maybe) - Press release - Lusduna Nexvue, a tentatively approved follow-on for glargine https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/despite-scoring-fda-nod-merck-s-follow-med-lusduna-must-wait-to-challenge-lantus - Doesn't exactly fit the narrative, but these are other big companies - Plus the Hatch whatever act - Nevermind, it does. So these massive companies just got into the mkt to sell at the $300 prices. WTF - Sanofi has two competitor insulin glargines https://projects.propublica.org/represent/lobbying/search?commit=Search&fields%5B%5D=_all&page=2&search=sanofi&utf8=%E2%9C%93 - The current lobbying projects that Sanofi is doing. I didn't get much https://www.opensecrets.org/Lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000000215&year=2020 - Another lobbying site - Sanofi put out $4M in lobbying! https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&u=gainstoftech&id=GALE|A202627653&v=2.1&it=r - 2009: "Sanofi-Aventis in acquisition mode" - Uhh I don't think this will be useful, but it's here. - What I really want to know is how many companies has Sanofi/its predecessors acquired. https://pharmaphorum.com/articles/a_history_of-_sanofi/ - Might be a wiki citation, so good - Includes some merger info, might be incomplete on the Aventis side but prob pretty comprehensive https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w7280/w7280.pdf - I didn't have time to read it - 60 pages on antitrust laws (and court?) https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Journals&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=MultiTab&hitCount=6&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=2&docId=GALE%7CA101569966&docType=Article&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZICC-MOD1&prodId=CSIC&pageNum=1&contentSet=GALE%7CA101569966&searchId=R2&userGroupName=gainstoftech&inPS=true - "Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: a dysfunctional relationship" - Skimmed it. Seems useful?