The compromises made between Federalists and Anti-Federalists to form a
Constitution

Both sides needed to work together to form this Constitution, and the
Federalist papers were meant to build a framework amicable to
Republicans.

Commonalities between the two sides
- Republicanism
- All founders wanted to protect personal liberty from gov
- "Science of politics": a more perfect union
- The role of interests and factions
- Public opinion and consent of the governed
- The desire for happiness: meant "property"
    - The founders were landowners
    - Personal property to the general public

Constitution ratified by 9 states in 1788
- Bill of rights is a compromise
    - Federalists didn't want Bill of Rights
        - Wanted constitution to be about structure of institutions,
          which were supposed to make laws corresponding to rights
    - Anti-federalists did
    - Originally only applied to national government (states were free
      to infringe)
    - 12 original, 10 ratified. The two unratified
        - Reapportionment (populations for areas) returns as legislation
        - 27th amendment in 1992: Congressional pay, etc

Amendments
- One of the most difficult processes
- Two formal ways to propose amendments
    - A 2/3 vote in each chamber of Congress
    - Nationwide convention (never used)
        - Called by Congress at request of state legislature
        - State representatives vote towards the amendment
        - Also requires 2/3
- Two ways to ratify
    - Positive vote in 3/4 of state legislatures
        - Time limit to vote on amendment
    - Special Convention (used once)
        - States send delegates
        - Faster
- Divisive issues being proposed means that amendments haven't happened

Government Under the Constitution
- Confederal system ruled out by AoC
- Unitary system would be national giving out power to subnationals
- Federal system sets more concrete national/subnational bounds.