From b3c4bcc167c11b805c8b3da63d3013a30d16718f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Holden Rohrer Date: Sat, 30 Jan 2021 23:23:37 -0500 Subject: finalized quad chart --- quad.tex | 108 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 97 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) (limited to 'quad.tex') diff --git a/quad.tex b/quad.tex index ae30634..68722ff 100644 --- a/quad.tex +++ b/quad.tex @@ -1,5 +1,13 @@ \input fmt/com.h \input fmt/font.h +\input tables.i + +\definecolor{page}{rgb}{.87,.95,.85} +\definecolor{text}{rgb}{0,0,0} +\definecolor{trim}{rgb}{0,0,.50} + +\pagecolor{page} +\color{text} \nopagenumbers @@ -27,38 +35,49 @@ %calculate textheight \textheight=\vsize \advance\textheight by -\titlesize +\advance\textheight by -5pt \divide\textheight by 2 -\thespacing=100 +\spacing=100 + +\parskip=0pt \font\title=cmr10 at 18pt \font\text=cmr10 at 13pt \font\bold=cmb10 at 13pt +\font\cap=cmr10 at 8.5pt \text \adjs \let\bf\bold -\hsize=6in +\hsize=6.3in \def\pic#1#2{\pdfximage width #1{#2}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage} +\def\picturetop#1#2#3{\vtop{\pic{#3}{#1}\hsize=#3\caption{#2}}} -\def\tabrule{\noalign{\hrule}} +\def\tabrule{\noalign{{\color{trim}\hrule}}} \def\centering{\leftskip0pt plus 1fil\rightskip\leftskip \parindent0pt\parfillskip0pt} -\def\li{\par\pre{$\bullet$}} - -\halign to \fullhsize{\tabskip0pt plus 1fil\vrule#&\vtop to -\textheight{#}&\vrule#&\vtop to \textheight{#}&\vrule#\tabskip0pt\cr\tabrule +\newcount\ct\ct=0 +\def\li{\global\advance\ct by 1\par\pre{\number\ct.}} +\newcount\cct\cct=0 +\def\alph{\ifcase\cct\or a\or b\or c\fi} +\def\lli{\global\advance\cct by 1\par\pre{\alph.}} + +\halign to \fullhsize{\tabskip0pt plus 1fil{\color{trim}\vrule}#&\vtop to +\textheight{#}&{\color{trim}\vrule}#&\vtop to +\textheight{#}&{\color{trim}\vrule}#\tabskip0pt\cr\tabrule &\multispan{3}\hfil\vbox to \titlesize{\hsize=2\hsize\centering\vfil {\title Antlion Herding Patterns with Interrupted Communication Pathways} \vfil Holden Rohrer and Radeen Abree, Centennial High School, Roswell, - Nigeria. + Georgia, US. \vfil}\hfil&\cr\tabrule &%#1 + \vskip1pt \vbox to 0pt{\pic{1.5in}{img/2019-10-18-1.jpg}\vss} \hangindent=1.55in\hangafter=-1\parindent0pt \noindent{\bf Rationale:}\par @@ -68,10 +87,77 @@ \input src/hypo2.i &&%#3 - textthre teoauhontahue atohue toahue thueoa toue hauo teh uoath - teoauh hu tohuethue hue tu tueteueth ettue teute tete t et te te - tete tet e te tete tee&\cr\tabrule + \cap + \def\wid{1.9in} + \vfil + \line{\hfil\vbox{\picturetop{graph/boxplot.png}{This boxplot + illustrates the nearest neighbor metric on different trial sizes and + interventions. The artificial pits trials showed the largest impact + on the metric, indicating antlions choose settlement based on + surrounding pits.}{\wid}}\hfil +\hbox{\picturetop{imgs/obstacles-24x24.png}{Voronoi diagrams show +territory that is nearest to a given pit. Blue dots represent pits, and +colored shapes represent obstructions.}{\wid}}\hfil + \hbox{\picturetop{imgs/trails-24x24.png}{Trail erasure did not + interrupt, and may have reinforced, the regularized pattern + antlions make. Food-catching regions are well-distributed + between pits in all trials.}{\wid}\hfil}}% + \vfil + \line{\hfil\stats{Pit depths and widths remained fairly constant + between trials. The nearest-neighbor metric also remained constant, + but only within trial sizes. This indicates antlions respond to + their environmental restrictions.}\hfil}% + \vfil + &\cr\tabrule &%#2 + \smallskip + \advance\ct by 1\pre{\number\ct.} 24 16oz deli containers were acquired and 1 antlion was placed in each + \li The sand (100lbs) was uniformly spread into a $24"\times24"$ plastic container + \li Marks were made on the box so the pits’ locations could be observed. + \li Each trial was started by introducing a constant number of antlions, at the same time + \li After the first and second days of each two-day trial, the coordinate locations, diameters, and depths of each antlion pit were recorded for analysis. + \li After each trial, all living antlions were restored to their pits and dead antlions disposed of. + \li Further trials repeated these same protocols except with space + restrictions of $24"\times24"$ and $12"\times12"$ and three + disruption methods: + + \leftskip.3in + \lli ``Trail erasure'' included brushing away old trails in the + sand that antlions have dugout, in an effort to determine if the + antlions are reliant upon the presence of trials or pheromones + when distributing. + \lli ``Fake pits'' were introduced to mimic an antlion pit, in + order to determine if antlions were dependent on the presence of + surrounding pits. + \lli ``Artificial obstacles'' included the introduction of rocks + to determine if antlions are aware of the shape of their + settlement region and use that to organize the group. + \smallskip &&%#4 + \smallskip +This experiment investigated how antlions make individual settlement +choices, and how those choices create group patterns. +Environmental factors, in terms of other pits, trails, and environment +shape were investigated. +Antlion larvae were shown to regularly, rather than randomly, distribute +themselves, indicating they avoid other pits and respond to +environmental structure. +As also observed in the previous study, antlions use behaviors like +this, cannibalism, and reclusivity as mechanisms to limit intra-species +competition. +These behaviors increase species fitness and therefore are an +evolutionary advantage. +Avoidance mechanisms can be extended to the analysis of other animals +and engineering applications. +Bottom-up organization often relies on a hierarchical image of its +members, like a hexagonal or rectangular grid, but individuals don't +require strict communication pathways for efficient, semi-regular +distributions such as an antlion's. +The distribution patterns of the antlions can also be expanded to +understand similar organisms, such as termites, ant, bees, and wasps, as +these animals also distribute as groups. +Similar behaviors may be used to draw conclusions regarding the +evolutionary history of these organisms. +\smallskip &\cr\tabrule} \bye -- cgit