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| -rw-r--r-- | document/abstract.tex | 7 | ||||
| l--------- | document/analysis.tex | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/biblio.tex | 19 | ||||
| l--------- | document/conclusion.tex | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/format.tex | 28 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/graphs.tex | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/intro.tex | 10 | ||||
| l--------- | document/materials.tex | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/pics.tex | 6 | ||||
| l--------- | document/procedure.tex | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/report.tex | 34 | ||||
| l--------- | document/research.tex | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | document/tables.tex | 54 |
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diff --git a/document/abstract.tex b/document/abstract.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 2eda69c..0000000 --- a/document/abstract.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -Emergent group behaviors were observed which point toward a certain degree of cooperation by antlions. -The donut theory, the forerunner in describing antlions' spatial distribution, asserts that the insects form a ring to capture ants approximately equitably. -Similar ``cooperative'' behavior was observed, with the antlions remaining under the soil when the surface was overpopulated (demonstrable by a significantly lower number of pits forming in smaller trials). -The donut theory was confirmed by the observed spatial distribution because antlions often stuck to the side of the trial area despite there being significant available space on the inside of the circle where an individual could gain competitive advantage. -The hypothesis that they exhibit more extreme behaviors under space constraints was confirmed because, proportional to the number introduced, especially in the 8x7 trial, cannibalism and non-formation of pits increased significantly---likely as a compensatory mechanism to ensure that a stable ``surface group'' could still safely exist. -Additionally, territory (measurable by the Voronoi diagrams and by nearest-neighbor) decreased towards the later trials, and the patterns didn't merely display the same structure scaled down---rather, antlions accepted more dense conditions by increasing pit density. -This likely corresponds to natural conditions (especially in hatcheries) where some proportion of the antlions remain on the surface (increasing with population density because it's understood to mean a prevalence of food), and as the surface antlions become adults (sometimes fed through cannibalism), new larvae emerge to take their place and sustain the species' propagation. diff --git a/document/analysis.tex b/document/analysis.tex deleted file mode 120000 index 45c9c28..0000000 --- a/document/analysis.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../poster/analysis.tex
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/document/biblio.tex b/document/biblio.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5f672fb..0000000 --- a/document/biblio.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -\parindent=0pt -\baselineskip=24pt -\hangindent=.5in - -\centerline{Works Cited} -{\everypar{\hangindent=.5in\hangafter=-1} -\parskip=\baselineskip -Muvengwi, J., Davies, A. B., Parrini, F., \& Witkowski, E. T. F. (2018). Geology drives the spatial patterning and structure of termite mounds in an African savanna. Ecosphere, 9(3), e02148. \link{https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2148} - -Bowen*, T., Cabello*, G., Gidden*, T., Schlueter, M., \& Cain, P. (2019). BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTLION PIT PLACEMENT **. Georgia Journal of Science, 77(1). Retrieved from \link{https://digitalcommons.gaacademy.org/gjs/vol77/iss1/72} - -Barkae, E. D., Golan, O., \& Ovadia, O. (2014). Dangerous neighbors: Interactive effects of factors influencing cannibalism in pit-building antlion larvae. Behavioral Ecology, 25(6), 1311--1319. \link{https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru123} - -Scharf, I., Hollender, Y., Subach, A., \& Ovadia, O. (2008). Effect of spatial pattern and microhabitat on pit construction and relocation in Myrmeleon hyalinus (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) larvae. Ecological Entomology, 33(3), 337--345. \link{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00967.x} - -Crowley, P. H., \& Linton, M. C. (1999). Antlion Foraging: Tracking Prey Across Space and Time. Ecology, 80(7), 2271--2282. \link{https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2271:AFTPAS]2.0.CO;2} - -A. S Erasmus, B. F. N. *. (2000). A modelling approach to antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) distribution patterns. African Entomology, 8(2), 157--168. -} diff --git a/document/conclusion.tex b/document/conclusion.tex deleted file mode 120000 index ef0da77..0000000 --- a/document/conclusion.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../poster/conclusion.tex
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/document/format.tex b/document/format.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 7330f14..0000000 --- a/document/format.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -\input ../generic - -\twelverm\baselineskip=14pt -\parindent=.5in -%% Headers -\expandafter\ifx\csname abstract\endcsname\relax - \let\abstract\relax -\fi -\nopagenumbers -{\parindent=0in\leftskip=0pt plus 1fill\rightskip=0pt plus 1fill\parskip=\bigskipamount -\hbox{} -\vskip0pt plus 2fill -{\obeylines Antlions' Group Distribution and Behavior under Varying Spatial Constraints -Holden Rohrer and Radeen Dixon -Georgia Science Fair -Source: \link{https://git.hrhr.dev/scifair} -} -\vskip 0pt plus .5fill -\centerline{\fourteenbf Abstract} -{\leftskip=.5in\rightskip=.5in\baselineskip=14pt -\abstract -} -\vskip0pt plus 2fill -\eject -} -\pageno=1 -\headline={\baselineskip=0.5in \twelverm \hfil \vbox{\hbox{\ifnum\pageno=1\else Dixon \& Rohrer \the\pageno \fi}}} - diff --git a/document/graphs.tex b/document/graphs.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 6807e5d..0000000 --- a/document/graphs.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -\twopicture{../imgs/2019-10-16.png}{../imgs/2019-10-30.png}{} -\twopicture{../imgs/2019-12-3.png}{../imgs/2019-12-5.png}{} -\twopicture{../imgs/2019-12-19.png}{../imgs/2019-12-20.png}{Voronoi diagrams showing the territory of each antlion that formed a pit and well as the location, depth, and width of each pit} - -\picture{../graph/depth_width.png}{Shows pit depth and width in relation to the square root of the trial area} -\picture{../graph/nearest_neighbor.png}{Shows the average nearest neighbor calculation for each trial group in relation to the square root of trial area, to create a ratio. Larger dots means more pits had that same area and depth or width.} diff --git a/document/intro.tex b/document/intro.tex deleted file mode 100644 index b2fe28d..0000000 --- a/document/intro.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -Throughout the animal kingdom, animals have been constantly competing for limited resources across limited amounts of space. -The interaction between animals of the same and different species is the focus of numerous scientific disciplines, but the focus of most has been mammals and other complex species rather competition within species like insects. -Rather than focus on the effect of spatial constraints an organism with complex brain and social hierarchy the study aimed to focus on a smaller and less complex organisms to determine if the same spatial patterns that appear with mammal groups still appear as an emergent result of environmental pressures, which is demonstrably true if antlions also display similar behavior. -On the basis of this, it was examined as to how antlion pattern themselves in groups, namely by measurement of how pit depth, width, and nearest neighbor and behavior, such as cannibalism and temporary reclusion, vary with respect to spatial constraints and temporal change. -Through prior investigation and research it was determined that antlions generally tend to avoid highly aggressive competition and likely form semi-hexagonal patterns to evenly distribute resources across the population (given that each individual could only consume so many ants). -However, it was determined that antlions sometimes exhibit extreme behaviors such as cannibalism and reclusivity when under significant environmental pressure. -The preliminary research provided background for the following hypothesis: ``As the space available to antlion groups decreases, each claims less territory, and the populations tend towards more extreme behaviors, such as cannibalism and reclusivity, to limit competition for ants as an emergent feature of individual interactions.'' -Throughout the experiment several dependent variables were tested, with the independent variable acting as the size of the container, which changed from trial to trial, but did not change due to any other variable. -In continuation of this, the dependent variables throughout the experiment were the settlement patterns and behaviors of the antlions, which were quantified through the nearest neighbor calculation, pit depth and width, and the number of cannibalized antlions. -The control trial of the experiment was the 32x32 trial, as it shows the spatial patterns and behaviors of the antlions with the most available space, limiting the effect of competition on settlement patterns, which qualifies it to be a good control group diff --git a/document/materials.tex b/document/materials.tex deleted file mode 120000 index a634e65..0000000 --- a/document/materials.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../poster/materials.tex
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/document/pics.tex b/document/pics.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5b5a7be..0000000 --- a/document/pics.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -\twopicture{../photos/2019-10-18-1.jpg}{../photos/2019-10-18-2.jpg}{Pictures of the 32x33 trial group, a six inch ruler is shown for scale.} -\twopicture{../photos/2019-10-30-1.jpg}{../photos/2019-11-21-1.jpg}{Initial pictures of the 24x25 trial group including the new cardboard barrier for reference.} -\twopicture{../photos/2019-11-21-2.jpg}{../photos/2019-11-21-3.jpg}{(Left)A photograph of the first 16x17 trial, note antlion trails that are shown, a six inch ruler is shown for scale. (Right) A picture of the reinforced cardboard barrier to prevent antlions from escaping.} -\twopicture{../photos/2019-11-21-4.jpg}{../photos/2019-12-02-1.jpg}{Two alternate views of the 16x17 trial size, note antlion trails and toothpicks denoting the location of antlion pits.} -\twopicture{../photos/2019-12-02-2.jpg}{../photos/2019-12-13-1.jpg}{(Left) A close up image of the 16x17 trial size, note pits and dead antlions, ruler shown for scale (Right) A close up image of the 8x9 trial size, note smaller and less consistent pits, a six inch ruler shown for scale} -\twopicture{../photos/2019-12-13-2.jpg}{../photos/2019-12-13-3.rot.jpg}{(Left) A picture of an antlion being removed from the trial period (Right) An image of an antlion in its temporary container} diff --git a/document/procedure.tex b/document/procedure.tex deleted file mode 120000 index 1638001..0000000 --- a/document/procedure.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../poster/methods.tex
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/document/report.tex b/document/report.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 4abc32b..0000000 --- a/document/report.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -\long\def\abstract{\input abstract\par} -\overfullrule=0pt - -\input format - -\include Introduction;intro - -\include Background Research;research - -\include Procedure;procedure - -\include Materials;materials - -\include Data Analysis;analysis - -\include Conclusion;conclusion - -\vfil\eject - -\include Appendix A: Graphs;graphs - -\vfil\eject - -\include Appendix B: Tables;tables - -\vfil\eject - -\include Appendix C: Pictures;pics - -\vfil\eject - -\input biblio - -\bye diff --git a/document/research.tex b/document/research.tex deleted file mode 120000 index b465725..0000000 --- a/document/research.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../poster/research.tex
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/document/tables.tex b/document/tables.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 155c234..0000000 --- a/document/tables.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -\newdimen\oldbaseskip \oldbaseskip=\baselineskip -\baselineskip=13pt -\table{ -Trial Size& Date& Introduced& Deaths& Pits formed\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 2019-10-16& 31& 6& 9\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 2019-10-30& 27& 3& 7\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 2019-12-3& 19& 3& 7\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 2019-12-5& 10& 0& 3\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 2019-12-19& 12& 4& 3\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 2019-12-20& 5& 0& 4\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -}{1in} -\advance\pics by 1\relax -\nobreak\centerline{Figure \number\pics: Number of Deaths and Pits Successfully Formed in Each Trial/Subtrial} - -\table{ -Dimensions (in)& Pit Depth (cm)& Pit Width (cm)& Nearest Neighbor (cm)\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.3& 4.2& 6.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.4& 3.7& 12.04\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.1& 3.0& 6.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.8& 2.3& 10.63\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 2.2& 3.1& 3.16\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.4& 2.5& 2.24\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.2& 2.1& 2.24\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 2.4& 3.9& 3.16\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -33x32& 1.8& 3.6& 3.16\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 2.0& 7.0& 3.16\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 2.5& 4.1& 3.16\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 0.5& 2.0& 10.20\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 1.2& 2.5& 6.40\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 1.2& 3.0& 7.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 1.0& 3.0& 8.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -24x24& 1.5& 4.0& 9.06\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.3& 4.1& 3.61\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.2& 3.8& 3.61\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 0.9& 3.2& 7.07\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 2.2& 3.8& 3.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.2& 2.5& 3.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 2.0& 5.0& 5.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.8& 3.6& 6.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.3& 3.1& 5.10\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.5& 3.1& 7.00\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -17x16& 1.4& 2.9& 5.10\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 0.8& 0.9& 2.24\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 0.9& 0.8& 2.24\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 2.0& 3.0& 5.83\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 0.8& 0.8& 2.24\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 0.8& 0.8& 6.40\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 0.8& 0.8& 2.24\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -8x7& 0.8& 0.8& 4.47\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty-5\hrule} -}{1.6in} -\advance\pics by 1\relax -\nobreak\centerline{Figure \number\pics: The Pit Depths, Widths, and ``Territory,'' Observed in Each Trial} -\eject -\baselineskip=\oldbaseskip |