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diff --git a/notes/notes.toc b/notes/notes.toc index 04ce7f3..6afb3d7 100644 --- a/notes/notes.toc +++ b/notes/notes.toc @@ -1,216 +1,248 @@ -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit I:}Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table}{7}{section.1}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}The Historical Development of Atomic Theory}{7}{subsection.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Dalton's Atomic Theory}{7}{subsubsection.1.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Discovery of the Electron}{7}{subsubsection.1.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Plum Pudding Model}{8}{subsubsection.1.1.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}Discovery of the Nucleus}{8}{subsubsection.1.1.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}The Modern Atomic Theory}{8}{subsection.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Theories of Light}{8}{subsubsection.1.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect}{9}{subsubsection.1.2.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Discrete Emission Lines}{9}{subsubsection.1.2.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Problems with the Bohr Model and the Electron Cloud Model}{9}{subsubsection.1.2.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Atomic Spectra}{10}{subsection.1.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Bohr's Explanation of Atomic Emission and Absorption}{10}{subsubsection.1.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Absorption and Emission Spectra}{10}{subsubsection.1.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Spectroscopy}{10}{subsubsection.1.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}The Structure of the Atom}{10}{subsection.1.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}The Atom's Components}{10}{subsubsection.1.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Atomic Mass Unit}{11}{subsubsection.1.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Atomic Number}{11}{subsubsection.1.4.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}Ions}{11}{subsubsection.1.4.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.5:}Isotopes}{11}{subsubsection.1.4.5}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion}{12}{subsection.1.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Nuclear Decay}{12}{subsubsection.1.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Fission}{12}{subsubsection.1.5.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Fusion}{13}{subsubsection.1.5.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Cold Fusion}{13}{subsubsection.1.5.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures}{13}{subsection.1.6}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Physical vs Chemical Properties/Changes}{13}{subsubsection.1.6.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.2:}Classification of Matter}{13}{subsubsection.1.6.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.3:}Separation of Mixtures}{14}{subsubsection.1.6.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 7:}Atomic Numbers and Electron Configurations}{14}{subsection.1.7}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.1:}Quantum Numbers}{14}{subsubsection.1.7.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.2:}Shells, Subshells, and Orbitals}{15}{subsubsection.1.7.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.3:}The Pauli Exclusion Principle}{15}{subsubsection.1.7.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.4:}Electron Configuration and Orbital Notation}{15}{subsubsection.1.7.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.5:}Aufbau Principle}{16}{subsubsection.1.7.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.6:}Dot Structures/Bohr Diagrams}{16}{subsubsection.1.7.6}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 8:}The History and Arrangement of the Periodic Table}{16}{subsection.1.8}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.1:}The Periodic Table}{16}{subsubsection.1.8.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.2:}Early Attempts at a Periodic Table}{16}{subsubsection.1.8.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.3:}The Modern Periodic Table}{17}{subsubsection.1.8.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.4:}Metals, Nonmetals, and Semimetals}{17}{subsubsection.1.8.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.5:}Periods and Groups}{17}{subsubsection.1.8.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.6:}Minor Groups}{17}{subsubsection.1.8.6}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 9:}Electrons and the Periodic Table}{18}{subsection.1.9}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.1:}Noble-Gas Notation}{18}{subsubsection.1.9.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.2:}Core and Valence Electrons}{19}{subsubsection.1.9.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.3:}Valence Electron Blocks}{19}{subsubsection.1.9.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 10:}Periodic Trends}{19}{subsection.1.10}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.1:}Trends of Atomic Radii}{19}{subsubsection.1.10.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.2:}Trends of Ionic Radii}{19}{subsubsection.1.10.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.3:}Transition Metal Exceptions}{19}{subsubsection.1.10.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.4:}Ionization Energy}{20}{subsubsection.1.10.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.5:}Trends in Electron Affinity}{20}{subsubsection.1.10.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.6:}Trends in Electronegativity}{20}{subsubsection.1.10.6}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit II:}States and Properties of Matter}{21}{section.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Gases}{21}{subsection.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Kinetic-Molecular Theory}{21}{subsubsection.2.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Properties of Gases}{21}{subsubsection.2.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Liquids}{22}{subsection.2.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Particles in Liquids}{22}{subsubsection.2.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Intermolecular Forces and State Changes}{22}{subsubsection.2.2.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Viscosity}{22}{subsubsection.2.2.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Surface Tension}{22}{subsubsection.2.2.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.5:}Other Properties}{22}{subsubsection.2.2.5}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Solids and Plasmas}{23}{subsection.2.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Crystals and Amorphous Solids}{23}{subsubsection.2.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Plasma Properties}{23}{subsubsection.2.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Plasma in Nature and in Technology}{23}{subsubsection.2.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Phase Changes}{23}{subsection.2.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Molecular Motion and Phase Changes}{23}{subsubsection.2.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Diagramming Phase Changes}{24}{subsubsection.2.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Changes in Matter}{24}{subsection.2.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Matter}{24}{subsubsection.2.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Physical and Chemical Properties}{24}{subsubsection.2.5.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Extensive and Intensive Physical Properties}{24}{subsubsection.2.5.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Characteristic Properties}{25}{subsubsection.2.5.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.5:}Chemical and Physical Changes}{25}{subsubsection.2.5.5}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit III:}Chemical Bonds and Compounds}{25}{section.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Ionic Bonding}{25}{subsection.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Ionic Bonding}{25}{subsubsection.3.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Crystals}{25}{subsubsection.3.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Polyatomic Ions}{26}{subsubsection.3.1.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}The Formation of Crystal Lattices}{26}{subsubsection.3.1.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Properties Resultant from Lattice Energy}{26}{subsubsection.3.1.5}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Covalent Bonding}{26}{subsection.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Orbital Overlap}{26}{subsubsection.3.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Equal and Unequal Sharing of Electrons}{27}{subsubsection.3.2.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Lewis Structures}{27}{subsubsection.3.2.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Exceptions to the Octet Rule}{27}{subsubsection.3.2.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.5:}Double and Triple Bonds}{27}{subsubsection.3.2.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.6:}Resonance Structures}{28}{subsubsection.3.2.6}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.7:}Properties of Covalent Compounds}{28}{subsubsection.3.2.7}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Metallic Bonding}{28}{subsection.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}The Electron Sea}{28}{subsubsection.3.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Molecular Orbitals}{28}{subsubsection.3.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Resultant Properties}{28}{subsubsection.3.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}Alloys}{29}{subsubsection.3.3.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Intermolecular Forces}{29}{subsection.3.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces}{29}{subsubsection.3.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Hydrogen Bonds}{29}{subsubsection.3.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Van der Waals Forces}{30}{subsubsection.3.4.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}Applications of Intermolecular Forces}{30}{subsubsection.3.4.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds}{30}{subsection.3.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Charge of Ions}{30}{subsubsection.3.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds}{30}{subsubsection.3.5.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Polyatomic Ions}{31}{subsubsection.3.5.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Transition Metals}{31}{subsubsection.3.5.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds}{31}{subsection.3.6}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Nomenclature for Covalent Compounds}{31}{subsubsection.3.6.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.2:}Exceptions}{31}{subsubsection.3.6.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.3:}Acids and Bases}{31}{subsubsection.3.6.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 7:}Polymers}{32}{subsection.3.7}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.1:}Formation of Polymers}{32}{subsubsection.3.7.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.2:}Polymer Classification}{32}{subsubsection.3.7.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 8:}Properties and Uses of Saturated Hydrocarbons}{33}{subsection.3.8}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.1:}Isomers and Hydrocarbons}{33}{subsubsection.3.8.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.2:}Hydrocarbon Notation}{33}{subsubsection.3.8.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.3:}Straight Chains, Branched Chains, and Cycloalkanes}{33}{subsubsection.3.8.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.4:}Properties}{33}{subsubsection.3.8.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.5:}Alkane Uses}{34}{subsubsection.3.8.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.6:}Nomenclature}{34}{subsubsection.3.8.6}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 9:}Properties and Uses of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons}{34}{subsection.3.9}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.1:}Alkenes, Alkynes}{34}{subsubsection.3.9.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.2:}Cis Isomers and Trans Isomers}{35}{subsubsection.3.9.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.3:}Aromatic Hydrocarbons}{35}{subsubsection.3.9.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.4:}Boiling Points and Vapor Pressure}{35}{subsubsection.3.9.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.5:}Properties of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons}{35}{subsubsection.3.9.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.6:}Applications of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons}{35}{subsubsection.3.9.6}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit IV:}Chemical Reactions and Limiting Reactants}{36}{section.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Evidence of Chemical Reactions}{36}{subsection.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Chemical Changes and Chemical Reactions}{36}{subsubsection.4.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Rate of a Chemical Reaction}{36}{subsubsection.4.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Indicators/Evidence of a Chemical Reaction}{36}{subsubsection.4.1.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations}{36}{subsection.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Equations}{36}{subsubsection.4.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Percent Composition and Molecular Formula}{37}{subsection.4.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Mole Ratios}{37}{subsubsection.4.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Empirical and Molecular Formulae}{37}{subsubsection.4.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Percent Composition}{37}{subsubsection.4.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Types of Reactions}{38}{subsection.4.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Types of Chemical Reactions}{38}{subsubsection.4.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Differentiating Single and Double Replacement Reactions}{38}{subsubsection.4.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Activity Series}{38}{subsubsection.4.4.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield}{38}{subsection.4.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Limiting Reactants and Stoichiometry}{38}{subsubsection.4.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield}{39}{subsubsection.4.5.2}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit V:}Stoichiometry and the Gas Laws}{39}{section.5}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Molar Masses}{39}{subsection.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Moles and Avogadro's Number}{39}{subsubsection.5.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Molar Mass and Average Atomic Mass}{39}{subsubsection.5.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Introduction to Stoichiometry}{39}{subsection.5.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Stoichiometry and Ratios}{39}{subsubsection.5.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Stoichiometric Calculations}{40}{subsection.5.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Molar Mass and Mass-to-Mole Ratio}{40}{subsubsection.5.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Interchemical Calculations}{40}{subsubsection.5.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Gas Laws}{40}{subsection.5.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Boyle's Law}{40}{subsubsection.5.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Other Laws}{40}{subsubsection.5.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Partial Pressure}{40}{subsubsection.5.4.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}The Ideal Gas Law}{41}{subsection.5.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Avogadro's Law}{41}{subsubsection.5.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law}{41}{subsubsection.5.5.2}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Gas Stoichiometry}{41}{subsection.5.6}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Implications of Molar Volume: Avogadro's Principle}{41}{subsubsection.5.6.1}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit VI:}Reaction Rates and Equilibrium}{41}{section.6}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Reaction Rate}{41}{subsection.6.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Energy Diagrams and $\Delta G$}{41}{subsubsection.6.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Activation Energy}{42}{subsubsection.6.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Chemical Bonds}{42}{subsubsection.6.1.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}Reaction Rate}{42}{subsubsection.6.1.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Collision Theory}{42}{subsubsection.6.1.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.6:}Effective Collisions}{42}{subsubsection.6.1.6}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.7:}Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.7}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.8:}Effect of Pressure on Reaction Rate}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.8}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.9:}Effects of Surface Area on Reaction Rate}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.9}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Reaction Pathways}{43}{subsection.6.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Reaction Pathway Graphs}{43}{subsubsection.6.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Exothermic Reactions}{43}{subsubsection.6.2.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Endothermic Reaction Pathway}{44}{subsubsection.6.2.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Activation Energy and the Activated Complex}{44}{subsubsection.6.2.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Catalysts}{44}{subsection.6.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Catalysts}{44}{subsubsection.6.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}How Catalysts Work}{44}{subsubsection.6.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Heterogenous Catalysts}{44}{subsubsection.6.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}Enzymes}{45}{subsubsection.6.3.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium}{45}{subsection.6.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Equilibrium in Reversible Reactions}{45}{subsubsection.6.4.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Forward and Reverse Reaction Rates}{45}{subsubsection.6.4.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Chemical Equilibrium}{45}{subsubsection.6.4.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}The Equilibrium Constant ($K_{eq}$)}{46}{subsubsection.6.4.4}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Shifts in Equilibrium}{46}{subsection.6.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Changes in Reactant or Product Concentration}{46}{subsubsection.6.5.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Common Ion}{46}{subsubsection.6.5.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Changes in Pressure}{46}{subsubsection.6.5.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Changes in Temperature}{46}{subsubsection.6.5.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.5:}Reaction Quotient}{47}{subsubsection.6.5.5}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit VII:}Energy in Chemical Reactions}{47}{section.7}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Energy}{47}{subsection.7.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Basic Definitions}{47}{subsubsection.7.1.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Potential Energy}{47}{subsubsection.7.1.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Mechanical Energy}{47}{subsubsection.7.1.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}Thermal Energy}{47}{subsubsection.7.1.4}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Electromagnetic and Chemical Energy}{47}{subsubsection.7.1.5}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.6:}Law of Conservation of Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.6}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.7:}Energy Transfer and Transformation}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.7}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.8:}Sources of Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.8}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Heat}{48}{subsection.7.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Thermal Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.2.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Heat and Conduction}{48}{subsubsection.7.2.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Heat Flow during Chemical Processes}{49}{subsubsection.7.2.3}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Calorimetry}{49}{subsection.7.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Specific Heat Capacity}{49}{subsubsection.7.3.1}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Calorimetry Definition}{49}{subsubsection.7.3.2}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Bomb Calorimetry}{49}{subsubsection.7.3.3}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}The Calorie Content of Foods}{49}{subsubsection.7.3.4}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit I:}Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table}{8}{section.1}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}The Historical Development of Atomic Theory}{8}{subsection.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Dalton's Atomic Theory}{8}{subsubsection.1.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Discovery of the Electron}{8}{subsubsection.1.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Plum Pudding Model}{9}{subsubsection.1.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}Discovery of the Nucleus}{9}{subsubsection.1.1.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}The Modern Atomic Theory}{9}{subsection.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Theories of Light}{9}{subsubsection.1.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect}{10}{subsubsection.1.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Discrete Emission Lines}{10}{subsubsection.1.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Problems with the Bohr Model and the Electron Cloud Model}{10}{subsubsection.1.2.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Atomic Spectra}{11}{subsection.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Bohr's Explanation of Atomic Emission and Absorption}{11}{subsubsection.1.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Absorption and Emission Spectra}{11}{subsubsection.1.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Spectroscopy}{11}{subsubsection.1.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}The Structure of the Atom}{11}{subsection.1.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}The Atom's Components}{11}{subsubsection.1.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Atomic Mass Unit}{12}{subsubsection.1.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Atomic Number}{12}{subsubsection.1.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}Ions}{12}{subsubsection.1.4.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.5:}Isotopes}{12}{subsubsection.1.4.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion}{13}{subsection.1.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Nuclear Decay}{13}{subsubsection.1.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Fission}{13}{subsubsection.1.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Fusion}{14}{subsubsection.1.5.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Cold Fusion}{14}{subsubsection.1.5.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures}{14}{subsection.1.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Physical vs Chemical Properties/Changes}{14}{subsubsection.1.6.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.2:}Classification of Matter}{14}{subsubsection.1.6.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.3:}Separation of Mixtures}{15}{subsubsection.1.6.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 7:}Atomic Numbers and Electron Configurations}{15}{subsection.1.7}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.1:}Quantum Numbers}{15}{subsubsection.1.7.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.2:}Shells, Subshells, and Orbitals}{16}{subsubsection.1.7.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.3:}The Pauli Exclusion Principle}{16}{subsubsection.1.7.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.4:}Electron Configuration and Orbital Notation}{16}{subsubsection.1.7.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.5:}Aufbau Principle}{17}{subsubsection.1.7.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.6:}Dot Structures/Bohr Diagrams}{17}{subsubsection.1.7.6}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 8:}The History and Arrangement of the Periodic Table}{17}{subsection.1.8}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.1:}The Periodic Table}{17}{subsubsection.1.8.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.2:}Early Attempts at a Periodic Table}{17}{subsubsection.1.8.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.3:}The Modern Periodic Table}{18}{subsubsection.1.8.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.4:}Metals, Nonmetals, and Semimetals}{18}{subsubsection.1.8.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.5:}Periods and Groups}{18}{subsubsection.1.8.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.6:}Minor Groups}{18}{subsubsection.1.8.6}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 9:}Electrons and the Periodic Table}{19}{subsection.1.9}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.1:}Noble-Gas Notation}{19}{subsubsection.1.9.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.2:}Core and Valence Electrons}{20}{subsubsection.1.9.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.3:}Valence Electron Blocks}{20}{subsubsection.1.9.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 10:}Periodic Trends}{20}{subsection.1.10}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.1:}Trends of Atomic Radii}{20}{subsubsection.1.10.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.2:}Trends of Ionic Radii}{20}{subsubsection.1.10.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.3:}Transition Metal Exceptions}{20}{subsubsection.1.10.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.4:}Ionization Energy}{21}{subsubsection.1.10.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.5:}Trends in Electron Affinity}{21}{subsubsection.1.10.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 10.6:}Trends in Electronegativity}{21}{subsubsection.1.10.6}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit II:}States and Properties of Matter}{22}{section.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Gases}{22}{subsection.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Kinetic-Molecular Theory}{22}{subsubsection.2.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Properties of Gases}{22}{subsubsection.2.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Liquids}{23}{subsection.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Particles in Liquids}{23}{subsubsection.2.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Intermolecular Forces and State Changes}{23}{subsubsection.2.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Viscosity}{23}{subsubsection.2.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Surface Tension}{23}{subsubsection.2.2.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.5:}Other Properties}{23}{subsubsection.2.2.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Solids and Plasmas}{24}{subsection.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Crystals and Amorphous Solids}{24}{subsubsection.2.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Plasma Properties}{24}{subsubsection.2.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Plasma in Nature and in Technology}{24}{subsubsection.2.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Phase Changes}{24}{subsection.2.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Molecular Motion and Phase Changes}{24}{subsubsection.2.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Diagramming Phase Changes}{25}{subsubsection.2.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Changes in Matter}{25}{subsection.2.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Matter}{25}{subsubsection.2.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Physical and Chemical Properties}{25}{subsubsection.2.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Extensive and Intensive Physical Properties}{25}{subsubsection.2.5.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Characteristic Properties}{26}{subsubsection.2.5.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.5:}Chemical and Physical Changes}{26}{subsubsection.2.5.5}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit III:}Chemical Bonds and Compounds}{26}{section.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Ionic Bonding}{26}{subsection.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Ionic Bonding}{26}{subsubsection.3.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Crystals}{26}{subsubsection.3.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Polyatomic Ions}{27}{subsubsection.3.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}The Formation of Crystal Lattices}{27}{subsubsection.3.1.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Properties Resultant from Lattice Energy}{27}{subsubsection.3.1.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Covalent Bonding}{27}{subsection.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Orbital Overlap}{27}{subsubsection.3.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Equal and Unequal Sharing of Electrons}{28}{subsubsection.3.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Lewis Structures}{28}{subsubsection.3.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Exceptions to the Octet Rule}{28}{subsubsection.3.2.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.5:}Double and Triple Bonds}{28}{subsubsection.3.2.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.6:}Resonance Structures}{29}{subsubsection.3.2.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.7:}Properties of Covalent Compounds}{29}{subsubsection.3.2.7}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Metallic Bonding}{29}{subsection.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}The Electron Sea}{29}{subsubsection.3.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Molecular Orbitals}{29}{subsubsection.3.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Resultant Properties}{29}{subsubsection.3.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}Alloys}{30}{subsubsection.3.3.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Intermolecular Forces}{30}{subsection.3.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces}{30}{subsubsection.3.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Hydrogen Bonds}{30}{subsubsection.3.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Van der Waals Forces}{31}{subsubsection.3.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}Applications of Intermolecular Forces}{31}{subsubsection.3.4.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds}{31}{subsection.3.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Charge of Ions}{31}{subsubsection.3.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds}{31}{subsubsection.3.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Polyatomic Ions}{32}{subsubsection.3.5.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Transition Metals}{32}{subsubsection.3.5.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds}{32}{subsection.3.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Nomenclature for Covalent Compounds}{32}{subsubsection.3.6.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.2:}Exceptions}{32}{subsubsection.3.6.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.3:}Acids and Bases}{32}{subsubsection.3.6.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 7:}Polymers}{33}{subsection.3.7}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.1:}Formation of Polymers}{33}{subsubsection.3.7.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 7.2:}Polymer Classification}{33}{subsubsection.3.7.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 8:}Properties and Uses of Saturated Hydrocarbons}{34}{subsection.3.8}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.1:}Isomers and Hydrocarbons}{34}{subsubsection.3.8.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.2:}Hydrocarbon Notation}{34}{subsubsection.3.8.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.3:}Straight Chains, Branched Chains, and Cycloalkanes}{34}{subsubsection.3.8.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.4:}Properties}{34}{subsubsection.3.8.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.5:}Alkane Uses}{35}{subsubsection.3.8.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 8.6:}Nomenclature}{35}{subsubsection.3.8.6}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 9:}Properties and Uses of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons}{35}{subsection.3.9}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.1:}Alkenes, Alkynes}{35}{subsubsection.3.9.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.2:}Cis Isomers and Trans Isomers}{36}{subsubsection.3.9.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.3:}Aromatic Hydrocarbons}{36}{subsubsection.3.9.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.4:}Boiling Points and Vapor Pressure}{36}{subsubsection.3.9.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.5:}Properties of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons}{36}{subsubsection.3.9.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 9.6:}Applications of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons}{36}{subsubsection.3.9.6}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit IV:}Chemical Reactions and Limiting Reactants}{37}{section.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Evidence of Chemical Reactions}{37}{subsection.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Chemical Changes and Chemical Reactions}{37}{subsubsection.4.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Rate of a Chemical Reaction}{37}{subsubsection.4.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Indicators/Evidence of a Chemical Reaction}{37}{subsubsection.4.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations}{37}{subsection.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Equations}{37}{subsubsection.4.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Percent Composition and Molecular Formula}{38}{subsection.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Mole Ratios}{38}{subsubsection.4.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Empirical and Molecular Formulae}{38}{subsubsection.4.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Percent Composition}{38}{subsubsection.4.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Types of Reactions}{39}{subsection.4.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Types of Chemical Reactions}{39}{subsubsection.4.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Differentiating Single and Double Replacement Reactions}{39}{subsubsection.4.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Activity Series}{39}{subsubsection.4.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield}{39}{subsection.4.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Limiting Reactants and Stoichiometry}{39}{subsubsection.4.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield}{40}{subsubsection.4.5.2}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit V:}Stoichiometry and the Gas Laws}{40}{section.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Molar Masses}{40}{subsection.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Moles and Avogadro's Number}{40}{subsubsection.5.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Molar Mass and Average Atomic Mass}{40}{subsubsection.5.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Introduction to Stoichiometry}{40}{subsection.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Stoichiometry and Ratios}{40}{subsubsection.5.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Stoichiometric Calculations}{41}{subsection.5.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Molar Mass and Mass-to-Mole Ratio}{41}{subsubsection.5.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Interchemical Calculations}{41}{subsubsection.5.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Gas Laws}{41}{subsection.5.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Boyle's Law}{41}{subsubsection.5.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Other Laws}{41}{subsubsection.5.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Partial Pressure}{41}{subsubsection.5.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}The Ideal Gas Law}{42}{subsection.5.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Avogadro's Law}{42}{subsubsection.5.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law}{42}{subsubsection.5.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Gas Stoichiometry}{42}{subsection.5.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Implications of Molar Volume: Avogadro's Principle}{42}{subsubsection.5.6.1}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit VI:}Reaction Rates and Equilibrium}{42}{section.6}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Reaction Rate}{42}{subsection.6.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Energy Diagrams and $\Delta G$}{42}{subsubsection.6.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Activation Energy}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Chemical Bonds}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}Reaction Rate}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Collision Theory}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.6:}Effective Collisions}{43}{subsubsection.6.1.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.7:}Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate}{44}{subsubsection.6.1.7}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.8:}Effect of Pressure on Reaction Rate}{44}{subsubsection.6.1.8}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.9:}Effects of Surface Area on Reaction Rate}{44}{subsubsection.6.1.9}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Reaction Pathways}{44}{subsection.6.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Reaction Pathway Graphs}{44}{subsubsection.6.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Exothermic Reactions}{44}{subsubsection.6.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Endothermic Reaction Pathway}{45}{subsubsection.6.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Activation Energy and the Activated Complex}{45}{subsubsection.6.2.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Catalysts}{45}{subsection.6.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Catalysts}{45}{subsubsection.6.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}How Catalysts Work}{45}{subsubsection.6.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Heterogenous Catalysts}{45}{subsubsection.6.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}Enzymes}{46}{subsubsection.6.3.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium}{46}{subsection.6.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Equilibrium in Reversible Reactions}{46}{subsubsection.6.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Forward and Reverse Reaction Rates}{46}{subsubsection.6.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Chemical Equilibrium}{46}{subsubsection.6.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}The Equilibrium Constant ($K_{eq}$)}{47}{subsubsection.6.4.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Shifts in Equilibrium}{47}{subsection.6.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Changes in Reactant or Product Concentration}{47}{subsubsection.6.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Common Ion}{47}{subsubsection.6.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Changes in Pressure}{47}{subsubsection.6.5.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Changes in Temperature}{47}{subsubsection.6.5.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.5:}Reaction Quotient}{48}{subsubsection.6.5.5}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit VII:}Energy in Chemical Reactions}{48}{section.7}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Energy}{48}{subsection.7.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Basic Definitions}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Potential Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Mechanical Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}Thermal Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Electromagnetic and Chemical Energy}{48}{subsubsection.7.1.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.6:}Law of Conservation of Energy}{49}{subsubsection.7.1.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.7:}Energy Transfer and Transformation}{49}{subsubsection.7.1.7}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.8:}Sources of Energy}{49}{subsubsection.7.1.8}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Heat}{49}{subsection.7.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Thermal Energy}{49}{subsubsection.7.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Heat and Conduction}{49}{subsubsection.7.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}Heat Flow during Chemical Processes}{50}{subsubsection.7.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Calorimetry}{50}{subsection.7.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}Specific Heat Capacity}{50}{subsubsection.7.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}Calorimetry Definition}{50}{subsubsection.7.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Bomb Calorimetry}{50}{subsubsection.7.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}The Calorie Content of Foods}{50}{subsubsection.7.3.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 4:}Thermochemical Equations}{50}{subsection.7.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.1:}Enthalpy}{50}{subsubsection.7.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.2:}Enthalpy of Reaction}{51}{subsubsection.7.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.3:}Manipulating Equations}{51}{subsubsection.7.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 4.4:}Enthalpy of Combustion}{51}{subsubsection.7.4.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 5:}Enthalpy and Phase Changes}{51}{subsection.7.5}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.1:}Heat and Phase Changes}{51}{subsubsection.7.5.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.2:}Effects of Heat on Phase Changes}{52}{subsubsection.7.5.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.3:}Relationship between Enthalpy}{52}{subsubsection.7.5.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 5.4:}Sweat and Temperature Regulation}{52}{subsubsection.7.5.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 6:}Enthalpy of Reaction}{52}{subsection.7.6}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.1:}Equation Combination}{52}{subsubsection.7.6.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.2:}Diagramming Hess's Law}{52}{subsubsection.7.6.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 6.3:}Reaction Energy Diagrams and Enthalpy Diagrams}{52}{subsubsection.7.6.3}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {Unit VIII:}Mixtures, Solutions, and Solubility}{53}{section.8}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 1:}Mixtures and Solutions}{53}{subsection.8.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.1:}Heterogenous and Homogenous Mixtures}{53}{subsubsection.8.1.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.2:}Solution}{53}{subsubsection.8.1.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.3:}Suspensions and Colloids}{53}{subsubsection.8.1.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.4:}The Tyndall Effect}{53}{subsubsection.8.1.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 1.5:}Techniques to Separate Solutions}{53}{subsubsection.8.1.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 2:}Reactions in Aqueous Solutions}{54}{subsection.8.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.1:}Polarity of Water}{54}{subsubsection.8.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.2:}Ionization}{54}{subsubsection.8.2.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.3:}State of Matter in Chemical Reactions}{54}{subsubsection.8.2.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.4:}Double-Displacement Reactions}{54}{subsubsection.8.2.4}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 2.5:}Types of Electrolytes}{55}{subsubsection.8.2.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {Lesson 3:}Solutions and Solubility}{55}{subsection.8.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.1:}The Dissolving Process}{55}{subsubsection.8.3.1}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.2:}The Rate of Dissolution}{55}{subsubsection.8.3.2}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.3:}Solubility}{55}{subsubsection.8.3.3}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {Topic 3.4:}Environmental Conditions' Effects on Solubility}{55}{subsubsection.8.3.4}% |