finished gmap quiz 2

It includes groff stuff, so be wary.

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+1. Define overdetermination.
+
+Overdetermination is when an action or belief is motivated and caused by
+several different psychological factors. For example, the instinctual
+repellent from smells, tradition about removing smells, and classist
+prejudice compounded to make miasma theory.
+
+2. What is an experimentum crucis?
+
+An experimentum crucis is the experiment that will ultimately prove a
+hypothesis, in this case the waterborne theory, and disprove competing
+hypotheses.
+
+3. What innovation in information design made John Snow’s map better
+than other dot maps tracking the cholera outbreak?
+
+John Snow's map used a Voronoi diagram to diagram the region containing
+the points closest, by walking, to the Broad Street pump, where he
+expected much higher cholera rates.
+
+4. What medical objects have been important during the COVID-19
+pandemic?
+
+Ventilators, masks, and nose swabs have all played important roles
+in the pandemic response.
+
+5. How do new inventions, like the ghost map or the hypodermic needle,
+change our understanding of health? Hint: I am not asking you to respond
+to individual cases. Please think conceptually about how inventions in
+general reshape health.
+
+A new medical invention changes how doctors or health officials interact
+with medicine or understand disease. Each moves the norms around what is
+healthy and what health providers' role is, like anaesthetized surgery
+making surgery a more careful practice. New inventions change which
+treatments are chosen and modify the social ideal of health by, for
+example, making masks part of being healthy or developing consciousness
+of water supply cleanliness.
+
+Each new medical invention changes how health officials or doctors
+understand and deliver medicine or prevention. 
+
+6. Complete a bibliographic entry for The Ghost Map in MLA format.
+
+Johnson, Steven. The Ghost Map. Riverhead, 2006.
+
+7. Rewrite these sentences with stronger transitions.
+
+"The miasma theory of disease was dominant during the Victorian period.
+John Snow's waterborne theory of disease transmission gained credibility
+after his death. Germ theory was developed at the end of the century. We
+know diseases are transmitted by microbes like viruses or bacteria."
+
+"The miasma theory of disease was dominant during the Victorian period.
+A competing idea, John Snow's waterborne theory of disease, was more
+accurate but only gained credibility after his death. His theory
+preceded germ theory, developed at the end of the century. We now know
+germ theory is correct and disease is transmitted by microbes like
+viruses or bacteria."
+
+8. What’s wrong with the following sentence? Hint: It’s more than one
+thing. Look for stylistic, grammatical, and citation errors as well as
+logical holes in the argument.
+
+"Thomas Beddoes argued that health can be shaped and reshaped by the
+invention of new devices like the ghost map. On the other hand, Edwin
+Chadwick believed that 'all smell was disease.' (Johnson pg. 114). So,
+when John Snow made his map, it reshaped health. In conclusion, Beddoes
+was right."
+
+The author should be cited as "(Johnson 114)". The "conclusion" isn't
+necessary because it repeats that "it reshaped health." The "on the
+other hand" is incorrect because Edwin Chadwick's belief doesn't
+contradict the previous sentence; "for example" or "specifically" or
+nothing at all may be better. 
+
+9. In the 1930s, Broad Street became Broadwick Street. There are two
+buildings that remain from the summer of 1854. Name those buildings.
+
+A pub now named The John Snow and the workhouse (now functioning as a
+parking garage) still remain.
+
+10. How might Johnson’s arguments about consilient thinking (the ability
+to move between scales of experience and disciplines) change your
+approach to your medical object video? What rhetorical strategies or
+tactics would you employ to demonstrate consilient knowledge of your
+object?
+
+In
+.ft I
+The Ghost Map,
+.ft R
+Johnson talks about two processes being similar on different scales,
+like cholera growth in a city and cholera growth in a small intestine.
+This is apparently used by John Snow to overdetermine an argument about
+cholera's waterborne nature: the symptoms present in the stomach, the
+disease presents in people drinking water from a specific source, and
+the water source was contaminated by an index case. In my medical object
+video, I will focus more on the commonalities between the domains that
+my medical object involves, and I will use the biological explanation as
+a common metaphor for the object's uses.