took The Ghost Map quiz #1

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+1. Who wrote The Ghost Map and when was it published?
+
+The Ghost Map was written by Steven Johnson and published in 2006.
+
+2. Before Benjamin argued that "every document of civilization is also a
+document of barbarism," what English novelist said "a shameful testimony
+to future ages, how civilization and barbarism walked this boastful
+island together"?
+
+Charles Dickens says this.
+
+3. What causes cholera?
+
+Cholera is caused by the bacterium V. cholerae, transmitted through the
+water supply (mainly the Thames in London) by poor removal of excrement,
+especially in poorer and more densely populated districts.
+
+4. Who are the four protagonists of The Ghost Map?
+
+Henry Whitehead and John Snow are the main discoverers of cholera,
+Whitehead on a personal basis with his parishioners and Snow from a
+scientific perspective. There are also non-person agents: the cholera
+bacterium has evolved to be very lethal, and London's organizational
+structure, castes, and pseudo-science develop a (mostly ineffective)
+response to the disease, competing with Snow.
+
+5. Please rewrite the following two sentences using a transition that
+makes explicit the logical relationship between these two ideas.
+
+"Miasma theorists believe that bad smells caused disease. John Snow
+studied cholera to prove that it was a waterborne illness."
+
+"Miasma theorists believe that bad smells caused disease, but John Snow
+proved cholera was a waterborne illness by studying it."
+
+6. What themes or ideas does The Ghost Map share with other texts we
+have read?
+
+The Ghost Map talks about doctors hawking pseudoscientific cures as was
+the case for a doctor in Medical Apartheid. Like Medical Apartheid, it
+describes the implementation of classist beliefs (rather than racist, as
+Medical Apartheid focuses) in the treatment and theory about cholera. 
+
+7. What invention was John Snow credited with?
+
+John Snow invented a temperature-controlled water heater to control the
+concentration of ether gas when administering it to surgical patients.
+
+8. What causes cholera?
+
+Cholera is caused by the bacterium V. cholerae, transmitted through the
+water supply (mainly the Thames in London) by poor removal of excrement,
+especially in poorer and more densely populated districts.
+
+9. How is the imperial context of Victorian England important to the
+story of the 1854 cholera outbreak?
+
+The energy input from colonies to Victorian England grew cities
+massively---culminating in an organically-built high-density London.
+The anti-septic tea (derived from leaves gathered in colonies) also
+bolstered the growth of London by mostly eliminating the bacterial
+threat---the city grew unrestrained until cholera broke out, with many
+city-dwellers even believing this was an unfixable problem with cities
+rather than an epidemiological one.
+
+10. How does this add to our understanding of "health" as a social
+ideal, a process, or a set of rules and regulations?
+
+This story largely follows the development of public health in Victorian
+London, which is a process using scientific discovery to determine how
+to minimize harm through structural---instead of individual---changes to
+sanitation and education.
+It also describes the medical newspapers and the public's view of
+personal health; theories proposed about what made people unhealthy
+corresponded with Victorian ideals.
+For example, poverty and grime were thought by miasmists to cause
+cholera, even though there was little scientific correlation.