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# Revolutions during 1750-1900 (mostly 1776-1822)
## Historical Context
- Americas revolution = democratic, enlightened
- Enlightenment ideas
- Fighting against oppression
- Haitian Revolution
- Latin American Independence Movements
## Atlantic Revolutions
- Shared common ideas
- Atlantic basin = intellectual & cultural exchange
- Printing press
- "Human actions can improve systemic flaws"
## American Revolution
- Launched Declaration of Independence in 1776
- Made constitution in 1787
- Hope to increase liberties
- Britain unfairly taxes colonies
- French government assists colonies
- Probable reason for winning
- Brits tried to replace self-government
- Salutary Neglect
## French Revolution
- 1789-1815
- Soldiers inspired
- King Louis XIV
- Absolute Monarch
- Creates Estates System
- 3 Estates: Clergy, nobility, and commoners (97-98%)
- Commoners taxed more than other estates combined
- National assembly of foreigners forms, claiming sole right to lawmaking
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- 1st, 2nd estate exclude 3rd.
- 3rd estate bands together in "Tennis Coourt Oath"
- Civil conflict much more radical than American (because led by commoners/middle class)
- Censored
- Storm Bastille to take weapons
- Reign of Terror
- Robespierre leads arrests and execution of nobility
- He too is guillotined.
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Tames the revolution
- Founds army from commoners' nationalism
## Haitian Revolution
- Saint Domingue
- Rich French Colony
- Mostly Slaves
- Toussaint Loverture, a former slave, runs the revolution
## Latin American Independence Movements
- Decentralized, Plural
- Overthrowing racial hierarchy
- Against Spain, led by elite
- Bolivar's letter from Jamaica to Britain requests aid against France
- Class Division
- Oppressive Taxes
- Mexican Revolution by Hidalgo and Morelos (Priests)
- Have to unite social classes against elite despite many-tiered hierarchical divisions
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