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authorHolden Rohrer <hr@hrhr.dev>2020-10-06 22:12:45 -0400
committerHolden Rohrer <hr@hrhr.dev>2020-10-06 22:12:45 -0400
commitafc5d9815903c581e47d803fbc6aec9dd2c763b4 (patch)
tree6c222177561ee14f4fa993266067cc714abb7e9f
parent2837c0e282832ef34c697b03501b1a2f50689c3e (diff)
moved the periods for paren cites
-rw-r--r--markley/essaytwo.tex22
1 files changed, 11 insertions, 11 deletions
diff --git a/markley/essaytwo.tex b/markley/essaytwo.tex
index ba955cb..b6e433c 100644
--- a/markley/essaytwo.tex
+++ b/markley/essaytwo.tex
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ aligned with their contemporary cultures' rules and regulations.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, ``scientific rigor'' became
one of these cultural ideals for discerning a remedy's effectiveness.
Scientific rigor is characterized by the experiment, defined by Claude
-Bernard as ``an observation induced with an object of control.''
-\autocite[55]{Apartheid}
+Bernard as ``an observation induced with an object of control''
+\autocite[55]{Apartheid}.
In medicine, this ``object of control'' is typically a human or animal
subject, which gives the experiment ethical weight.
This opposes the standard idea of an experiment from other fields where
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The fictional Dr.~Moreau is a hyperbolic vivisector, a physician who
performs experiments and surgeries on live animals, often without
anesthaesia. %cite definition?
Because of how horrifying his research was, Moreau ``had to leave
-England.'' \autocite[39]{Moreau}
+England'' \autocite[39]{Moreau}.
A ``gruesome pamphlet'' and a ``wretched dog, flayed and otherwise
mutilated, escaped from Moreau's house'' \autocite[39]{Moreau} conspired
to take down his career.
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ especially highly.
But Wells establishes further the experimenter's singular focus:
``he might perhaps have purchased his social peace\dots but he
apparently preferred [his investigations], as most men would who have
-once fallen under the overmastering spell of research.''
-\autocite[40]{Moreau}
+once fallen under the overmastering spell of research''
+\autocite[40]{Moreau}.
As Wells elaborates, there isn't an exact moral failing of the
researcher but rather the belief that research supercedes the health of
the ``object'' \autocite[55]{Apartheid} being studied.
@@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ But, Washington stresses, exploiting African-Americans was mostly
socially acceptable, but this practice continues far past antebellum.
Medical mores, however, lag due to opportunism: ``African Americans were
without legal protections and thus unable to hamper physician's
-activities.'' \autocite[57]{Apartheid}
+activities'' \autocite[57]{Apartheid}.
The dehumanization that physicians promoted argues that ``blacks were so
different from whites---less intelligent, much less sensitive to
-pain\dots as to constitute a different species.''
-\autocite[74]{Apartheid}
+pain\dots as to constitute a different species''
+\autocite[74]{Apartheid}.
Physicians don't just practice callous experiment, but they hide it when
they're aware of its violation of social rules: ``once up in the North,
-[Sims] hid the ethnicity of his subjects.'' \autocite[67]{Apartheid}
+[Sims] hid the ethnicity of his subjects'' \autocite[67]{Apartheid}.
With Moreau, Sims, despite not being cast out, predates those without
power for expediency's sake.
These nontherapeutic experiments and the attitudes that bolster them
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ basal and inhuman---that not experiencing pain is superhuman.
goad [pain] to keep them out of danger,'' \autocite[92]{Moreau} Moreau
claims, trying to expedite even moral and health concerns because he
really believes in his study at all cost. He reveals his true end by
-saying ``I have never troubled about the ethics.'' \autocite[93]{Moreau}
+saying ``I have never troubled about the ethics'' \autocite[93]{Moreau}.
The experimenter is an archetype often treated as a deranged and
entirely detached ``Dr. Frankenstein,'' but expediency and flouting of
health is much more common, even for ``overachieving adepts with
-sterling reputations.'' \autocite[13]{Apartheid}
+sterling reputations'' \autocite[13]{Apartheid}.
Moreau hyperbolizes experimenters' attitudes, but his motivations and
arguments do not differ greatly from his socially-accepted
contemporaries.