read The Island of Dr Moreau, a Vivisection article, and took a quiz

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+"Vivisection, Virtue, and the Law in the Nineteenth Century" by Bates
+
+Vivisection is a practice of experimentalist doctors, but clinicians
+wanted to distance themselves from it because inflicting pain is at odds
+with caring for patients.
+Anti-vivisectors viewed by some as regressive luddites.
+    Always a minority in support of vivisection
+Desire to protect anmials was "a form of social self-defense."
+    Middle class activists?
+        Cock-fights and bull-baitings alarmed the urban bourgeoisie
+        Casual cruelty => Violence
+    Radicals who wanted to empower disenfranchised humans
+Cruel and Improper Treatment of Cattle Act
+    Required offender to act 'wantonly and cruelly'
+    Moved focus from moral to legal concerns
+Originally a French ("Continental") Procedure
+    Magendie is a famous Parisian vivisector
+Utilitarian arguments, "betterment of mankind," used by vivisectors
+Voluntary doctors' boards and organizations founded.
+Fear of vivisectors' character, human vivisections of charity patients
+Ethics wasn't an established practice in the nineteenth century
+    Not even legislation until Medical Act of 1858
+    Virtue ethics: doctors expected to act gentlemanly
+        Doctors can't enjoy vivisection; motives > actions
+        Ideal motive is actually a balance: scientific inquiry tempered
+        with a degree of care for the animal (but not too much, that's
+        effeminate)
+Empathy seen to be lacking by vivisectors
+- Cadaver dissection had interchangeable arguments
+    "Cold-heartedness and self-indulgence"
+1876 Cruelty to Animals Act requires licensing (passed due to a shocking
+experiment conducted by a Frenchman)
+Dubious value on several bases: while quantitative value was obtained,
+    objectors worried it had little scientific relevance to human.
+Countered with specific examples of benefits from vivisection like John
+Hunter's work with aneurysms.
+Nationalist criticism (Brits -> French, in particular)
+Objective criteria: "the information sought must not be obtainable by
+observation alone, the experiment must have a distinct and definite
+object, it must not be a repeat, it must cause the least possible
+suffering to the least sentient animal, and must be properly witnessed
+and recorded." (influence in Antivivisection Act)
+
+Wantonly: without rational regard
+Cruelty (Sir John Day): "Something which cannot be justified."
+There were no successful prosecutions of vivisectionists in Britain.
+676 people licensed, many not required to use anaesthesia.
+    Encouraged nepotism by requiring signatures of other physicians
+National Anti-Vivisection Society founded to end animal experiments.
+    Also known as Victoria Street Society
+    Claimed that Act made vivisection rates worse
+Teaching colleges avoided vivisections because teachers believed that
+"anyone who would look calmly on a vivisection would not make a good
+physician." Rare in the field too
+
+Support of laboratory medicine correlates strongly with feelings about
+vivisection.