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+Republican party fragmenting
+Small-town America feared changes in cities:
+- Secular modernism eroding conservative Christianity
+- Red Scare, immigrants
+
+An age of "disillusionment":
+- Crime pervaded society
+- Corrupt politics
+- Nativism, Racism
+
+Americans questioned new technologies and big government from WWI.
+
+Questions:
+How did the "Red Scare" shape American poltiical culture after WWI?
+How did nativism influence immigration laws?
+Why did the KKK resurge during the 1920s?
+How did the "Scopes Trial" reflect broader cultural changes between
+    Christian Fundamentalists and Modernists?
+How did Americans respond to Prohibition?
+What was "The Crime of the Century"?
+
+The war caused a loss of faith in institutions and government
+- "What was it all for?"
+- Progressivism curtailed by fear that government infringes on rights
+- Postwar layoffs (~9million people) --> postwar depression in 1920-21
+
+Bolshevik revolution happened during WWI
+- Communist/Leninist state developing (single party system)
+- Americans scared of labor unionizers, radicals of potential revolution
+- Dynamite bombs mailed to prominent politicians, businessmen.
+    - Justice Department claimed this was a radical attempt to takeover
+    - But it was actually an anarchist organization
+
+Jan 2, 1920
+- Justice Department arrests, without warrants, 1600 anarchists, aliens
+- Detained without bail and didn't allow to contact employers
+- Justified with guilt by association
+- Although peaks here, persists throughout 1920s
+
+Italian and Mexican Immigrants
+- 1/2 of white men and 1/3 of white women were immigrants
+    - Had more radical ideas about labor organization
+    - Nativism wanted to exclude foreign radicals
+        - Emergency Immigration Act of 1921
+            - Limits to 3% of population of each country
+        - Immigration Act of 1924
+            - Ceiling of 2% of population on other countries
+            - Banned Asian immigrants
+            - Wanted to keep out Jews, Italians, Turks, Russians
+            - And wanted to favor Brit, French, German
+            HL Mencken criticizes Act for treating new immigrants as
+            domestic enemies despite their benefit to America
+                - Didn't convince nativist Calvin Coolidge
+                "America must be kept for Americans"
+            - No quotas for Western hemisphere
+                - Wanted Cuban/Mexican/Latin cheap labor
+
+- Sackel and Vans-Eddy's "Crime"
+    - Arrested with pistols, lied to police
+    - But people gave them alibis
+    - Italian immigrants and labor organizers
+    - Criticized for stealing from a shoe factory and killing guards
+    - Electrified 6 years after arrest, still claiming innocence
+    - Debated guilt
+
+"The Birth of a Nation," shown at White House endorsed by W. Wilson
+    - Most popular movie due to the endorsement
+    - Rewrote Southern history portraying Klansmen as heroes and slaves
+      as unscrupulous collaborators.
+    - Surgeon in Atlanta founds new KKK. Only allowed "natives" (white
+      Anglo-Sax non-alien) to join.
+        - Sponsored baseball teams, beauty pageants, frats
+        - Preached hatred against Blacks, atheists, prostitutes,
+          immigrants, Jews
+        - 40% of members were in three midwestern states
+        - Most clan members were farmers but also attracted pillars of
+          community: teachers, doctors, accountants
+    - David C Stevenson, grand Dragon of Indiana bought off state and
+      local politicians with merch sales and Klan donations
+        - Kidnapped, raped, and mutilated a 29yo woman on his staffu
+        - When not pardoned, implicates the polits he bribed
+        - Klan membership dwindles to 100K mostly southerners
+        - And anti-Klan laws are passed
+            - Fun fact: Fred C Trump, DJT's father, detained at a rally
+
+Fundamentalism and The "Scopes-Monkey" Trial
+- Fundamentalism = Radical Protestantism
+    - Anti-Modernist Sect. Modernism is integration of science w/ Christ
+    - Literal belief in the Bible
+    - Williams Jennings Bryan, "the Great Commoner", uses fundamentalism
+      as a popular talking point
+        - Passed state laws banning teaching of Darwinian evolution.
+    - These laws only passed in the South
+    - Tennessee state legislature bans teaching of evolution
+        - In Dayton, John Scopes becomes a test case to raise publicity
+          for the depressed Daytonian economy.
+        - William Jennings Bryan called as an expert witness in biblical
+          interpretation
+            - Darrow quizzes Bryan on various biblical stories, asking
+              him if he "really believes" in, for ex., Eve being Adam's
+              rib
+            - Conflict erupted between Darrow and Bryan.
+        - Scopes is declared guilty but fine not counted
+
+Prohibition and Al Capone
+- Temperance became a test of American patriotism
+    - Brewers were discriminated against for being German
+    - Many wanted to police African-Americans & foreign-born
+    - Initially cut drinking in half
+    - But quickly, floating saloon boats and bootleggers circumvented
+    - 700 million gallons of home-brewed beer, bathtub gin, and
+      stockpiling work around the law.
+        - These liquors were dangerous
+    - Very few Americans respected it
+        - Pres. Warren G Harding served bootleg liquor in White House
+        - Skyrocketing alcohol imprisonments
+    - Increased income for organized crime (Al Capone)
+        - Al Capone scarred by man in bar, "Scarface"
+        - $60 million dollars in revenues
+        - Hundreds of unsolved murders
+        - Soup kitchen, good tipper, hero to many
+        - Convicted on charges of tax evasion. Dies behind bars
+
+"Crime of the Century"
+Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb
+- Intelligent and wealthy
+- Homosexual partners
+- Engaged in petty crimes: robberies,
+- Believed they were exempt from the law and want to commit a "perfect
+  crime" of murder
+    - Kill Bobby Franks
+    - Send ransom to Franks
+    - Dump body of boy in marsh; it's discovered
+    - Leopold's special glasses left next to the boy and the ransom
+      typewrite style corresponds to his typewriter
+    - Both confess and blame eachother but also blame Nietzche's
+      "superman theory" (some people above the law).
+- Viewed as a feature of breakdown in American morals
+- Clarence Darrow defends Leopold and Loeb
+    - Has them plead guilty
+    - Uses Freud's theory: senseless acts of aggression led by desires
+      out of their control
+    - Trauma as young boys and basically mentally ill
+    - Saves them from death sentence and gets them life